Common Types of CHD

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A hole in the wall between the top two chambers of the heart.

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Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)

A hole in the wall between both the upper and lower chambers of the heart.

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Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) & Aortic Stenosis

Usually there are three cusps in the aortic valve (the gateway between the left sided pumping chamber and the aorta that carries blood from the heart to the body). Bicuspid aortic valve means having two instead of there cusps. Narrowing of the aortic valve is called aortic stenosis.

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Coarctation of the Aorta

Narrowing of the aorta, which is the the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body.

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Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (CCTGA)

The positions of the right and left ventricles of the heart are switched (reversed).

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The Fontan Heart

For patients who are born with hearts with one main pumping chamber (instead of two), they will have surgery called the Fontan operation (named after the surgeon who invented it).

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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

An open blood vessel between the aorta (that carries high oxygen blood to the body) and the pulmonary artery (that carries low oxygen blood to the lungs).

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Pulmonary Stenosis

A narrowing in the opening between the right (pumping) side of the heart and the lungs.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Four specific aspects of the heart that are different: right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect and an overriding aorta.

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Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

Reversal of the aorta and pulmonary artery, the two biggest arteries that carry blood away from the heart.

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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A hole in the wall between the bottom two chambers of the heart.

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